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path: root/src/graphics_window_dressing.rs
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Diffstat (limited to 'src/graphics_window_dressing.rs')
-rw-r--r--src/graphics_window_dressing.rs838
1 files changed, 424 insertions, 414 deletions
diff --git a/src/graphics_window_dressing.rs b/src/graphics_window_dressing.rs
index 6ffab41..e35332f 100644
--- a/src/graphics_window_dressing.rs
+++ b/src/graphics_window_dressing.rs
@@ -82,22 +82,22 @@ impl WindowDressing {
     let surface = &permanent.surface;
     let device = &permanent.device;
 
-    let swapchain = Self::init_swapchain(
+    let swapchain = init_swapchain(
             window, instance, surface, &physical_device, device, &indices)?;
 
-    let render_pass = Self::init_render_pass(device, &swapchain.format)?;
+    let render_pass = init_render_pass(device, &swapchain.format)?;
 
     let (pipeline_layout, pipeline)
-            = Self::init_pipeline(device, &swapchain.extent, &render_pass)?;
+            = init_pipeline(device, &swapchain.extent, &render_pass)?;
 
-    let framebuffers = Self::init_framebuffers(
+    let framebuffers = init_framebuffers(
             device, &swapchain.extent, &swapchain.image_views, &render_pass)?;
 
     let (command_pool, command_buffers)
-            = Self::init_commands(device, &swapchain.extent, &framebuffers,
-                                  &render_pass, &pipeline, &indices)?;
+            = init_commands(device, &swapchain.extent, &framebuffers,
+                            &render_pass, &pipeline, &indices)?;
 
-    let concurrency = Self::init_concurrency(device, &swapchain.images)?;
+    let concurrency = init_concurrency(device, &swapchain.images)?;
 
     Ok(WindowDressing {
       swapchain,
@@ -143,462 +143,472 @@ impl WindowDressing {
 
     unsafe { device.destroy_swapchain_khr(self.swapchain.swapchain, None) };
   }
+}
 
-  #[allow(unsafe_code)]
-  fn init_swapchain(window: &Window, instance: &Instance,
-                    surface: &vk::SurfaceKHR,
-                    physical_device: &vk::PhysicalDevice, device: &Device,
-                    indices: &QueueFamilyIndices)
-      -> Result<Swapchain>
-  {
-    let (capabilities, formats, presentation_modes)
-            = PermanentGraphicsState::find_device_swapchain_features(
-                  instance, surface, physical_device)?.require()?;
-
-    let format = Self::pick_surface_format(&formats)?;
-
-    let presentation_mode
-            = Self::pick_presentation_mode(&presentation_modes)?;
-    let extent = Self::pick_image_extent(window, capabilities)?;
-
-    let mut image_count = capabilities.min_image_count + 1;
-    if capabilities.max_image_count != 0 {
-      image_count
-          = image_count.clamp(0, capabilities.max_image_count);
-    }
-
-    let mut unique_queue_family_indices = BTreeSet::new();
-    unique_queue_family_indices.insert(indices.graphics);
-    unique_queue_family_indices.insert(indices.presentation);
-
-    //   If there's only one queue, we use exclusive sharing mode, which
-    // will allow things to work without locks. Otherwise we use concurrent
-    // mode.
-    let (ordered_indices, sharing_mode)
-            = if unique_queue_family_indices.len() < 2
-    {
-      (vec![indices.graphics], vk::SharingMode::EXCLUSIVE)
-    } else {
-      (vec![indices.graphics, indices.presentation],
-       vk::SharingMode::CONCURRENT)
-    };
 
-    let swapchain_info = vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR::builder()
-            .surface(*surface)
-            .min_image_count(image_count)
-            .image_format(format.format)
-            .image_color_space(format.color_space)
-            .image_extent(extent)
-            .image_array_layers(1)
-            .image_usage(vk::ImageUsageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT)
-            .image_sharing_mode(sharing_mode)
-            .queue_family_indices(&ordered_indices)
-            .pre_transform(capabilities.current_transform)
-            .composite_alpha(vk::CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR::OPAQUE)
-            .present_mode(presentation_mode)
-            .clipped(true)
-            .old_swapchain(vk::SwapchainKHR::null());
-
-    let swapchain = unsafe {
-      device.create_swapchain_khr(&swapchain_info, None)
-    }?;
+#[allow(unsafe_code)]
+fn init_swapchain(window: &Window, instance: &Instance,
+                  surface: &vk::SurfaceKHR,
+                  physical_device: &vk::PhysicalDevice, device: &Device,
+                  indices: &QueueFamilyIndices)
+    -> Result<Swapchain>
+{
+  let (capabilities, formats, presentation_modes)
+          = PermanentGraphicsState::find_device_swapchain_features(
+                instance, surface, physical_device)?.require()?;
 
-    let images = unsafe {
-      device.get_swapchain_images_khr(swapchain)
-    }?;
+  let format = pick_surface_format(&formats)?;
 
-    let mut image_views = Vec::new();
-    for image in &images {
-      let components = vk::ComponentMapping::builder()
-                           .r(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY)
-                           .g(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY)
-                           .b(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY)
-                           .a(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY);
-
-      let subresource_range = vk::ImageSubresourceRange::builder()
-                                  .aspect_mask(vk::ImageAspectFlags::COLOR)
-                                  .base_mip_level(0)
-                                  .level_count(1)
-                                  .base_array_layer(0)
-                                  .layer_count(1);
-
-      let view_info = vk::ImageViewCreateInfo::builder()
-                          .image(*image)
-                          .view_type(vk::ImageViewType::_2D)
-                          .format(format.format)
-                          .components(components)
-                          .subresource_range(subresource_range);
-
-      let view = unsafe {
-        device.create_image_view(&view_info, None)
-      }?;
-
-      image_views.push(view);
-    }
+  let presentation_mode
+          = pick_presentation_mode(&presentation_modes)?;
+  let extent = pick_image_extent(window, capabilities)?;
 
-    Ok(Swapchain {
-      swapchain, images, image_views,
-      format: format.format,
-      extent
-    })
+  let mut image_count = capabilities.min_image_count + 1;
+  if capabilities.max_image_count != 0 {
+    image_count
+        = image_count.clamp(0, capabilities.max_image_count);
   }
 
-  #[allow(unsafe_code)]
-  fn init_render_pass(device: &Device, format: &vk::Format)
-      -> Result<vk::RenderPass>
+  let mut unique_queue_family_indices = BTreeSet::new();
+  unique_queue_family_indices.insert(indices.graphics);
+  unique_queue_family_indices.insert(indices.presentation);
+
+  //   If there's only one queue, we use exclusive sharing mode, which
+  // will allow things to work without locks. Otherwise we use concurrent
+  // mode.
+  let (ordered_indices, sharing_mode)
+          = if unique_queue_family_indices.len() < 2
   {
-    let color_attachment
-            = vk::AttachmentDescription::builder()
-                  .format(*format)
-                  .samples(vk::SampleCountFlags::_1)
-                  .load_op(vk::AttachmentLoadOp::CLEAR)
-                  .store_op(vk::AttachmentStoreOp::STORE)
-                  .stencil_load_op(vk::AttachmentLoadOp::DONT_CARE)
-                  .stencil_store_op(vk::AttachmentStoreOp::DONT_CARE)
-                  .initial_layout(vk::ImageLayout::UNDEFINED)
-                  .final_layout(vk::ImageLayout::PRESENT_SRC_KHR);
-
-    let color_attachment_reference
-            = vk::AttachmentReference::builder()
-                  .attachment(0)
-                  .layout(vk::ImageLayout::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
-
-    let subpass_attachments = [color_attachment_reference];
-    let subpass = vk::SubpassDescription::builder()
-                      .pipeline_bind_point(vk::PipelineBindPoint::GRAPHICS)
-                      .color_attachments(&subpass_attachments);
-
-    let dependency
-          = vk::SubpassDependency::builder()
-                .src_subpass(vk::SUBPASS_EXTERNAL)
-                .src_stage_mask(
-                     vk::PipelineStageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT)
-                .src_access_mask(vk::AccessFlags::empty())
-                .dst_subpass(0)
-                .dst_stage_mask(
-                     vk::PipelineStageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT)
-                .dst_access_mask(vk::AccessFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE);
-
-    let render_attachments = [color_attachment];
-    let subpasses = [subpass];
-    let dependencies = [dependency];
-    let render_pass_info = vk::RenderPassCreateInfo::builder()
-                               .attachments(&render_attachments)
-                               .subpasses(&subpasses)
-                               .dependencies(&dependencies);
-
-    let render_pass = unsafe {
-      device.create_render_pass(&render_pass_info, None)
+    (vec![indices.graphics], vk::SharingMode::EXCLUSIVE)
+  } else {
+    (vec![indices.graphics, indices.presentation],
+     vk::SharingMode::CONCURRENT)
+  };
+
+  let swapchain_info = vk::SwapchainCreateInfoKHR::builder()
+          .surface(*surface)
+          .min_image_count(image_count)
+          .image_format(format.format)
+          .image_color_space(format.color_space)
+          .image_extent(extent)
+          .image_array_layers(1)
+          .image_usage(vk::ImageUsageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT)
+          .image_sharing_mode(sharing_mode)
+          .queue_family_indices(&ordered_indices)
+          .pre_transform(capabilities.current_transform)
+          .composite_alpha(vk::CompositeAlphaFlagsKHR::OPAQUE)
+          .present_mode(presentation_mode)
+          .clipped(true)
+          .old_swapchain(vk::SwapchainKHR::null());
+
+  let swapchain = unsafe {
+    device.create_swapchain_khr(&swapchain_info, None)
+  }?;
+
+  let images = unsafe {
+    device.get_swapchain_images_khr(swapchain)
+  }?;
+
+  let mut image_views = Vec::new();
+  for image in &images {
+    let components = vk::ComponentMapping::builder()
+                         .r(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY)
+                         .g(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY)
+                         .b(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY)
+                         .a(vk::ComponentSwizzle::IDENTITY);
+
+    let subresource_range = vk::ImageSubresourceRange::builder()
+                                .aspect_mask(vk::ImageAspectFlags::COLOR)
+                                .base_mip_level(0)
+                                .level_count(1)
+                                .base_array_layer(0)
+                                .layer_count(1);
+
+    let view_info = vk::ImageViewCreateInfo::builder()
+                        .image(*image)
+                        .view_type(vk::ImageViewType::_2D)
+                        .format(format.format)
+                        .components(components)
+                        .subresource_range(subresource_range);
+
+    let view = unsafe {
+      device.create_image_view(&view_info, None)
     }?;
 
-    Ok(render_pass)
+    image_views.push(view);
   }
 
-  #[allow(unsafe_code)]
-  fn init_pipeline(device: &Device, extent: &vk::Extent2D,
-                   render_pass: &vk::RenderPass)
-      -> Result<(vk::PipelineLayout, vk::Pipeline)>
-  {
-    let vertex_binary = include_bytes!(
-            concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/shader.vert.spv"));
-    let fragment_binary = include_bytes!(
-            concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/shader.frag.spv"));
-
-    let vertex_module = PermanentGraphicsState::load_spirv_shader_module(
-            device, vertex_binary)?;
-    let fragment_module = PermanentGraphicsState::load_spirv_shader_module(
-            device, fragment_binary)?;
-
-    let vertex_stage_info = vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::builder()
-                                .stage(vk::ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX)
-                                .module(vertex_module)
-                                .name(b"main\0");
+  Ok(Swapchain {
+    swapchain, images, image_views,
+    format: format.format,
+    extent
+  })
+}
 
-    let fragment_stage_info = vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::builder()
-                                  .stage(vk::ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT)
-                                  .module(fragment_module)
-                                  .name(b"main\0");
-
-    let vertex_input_state_info
-            = vk::PipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo::builder();
-
-    let input_assembly_state_info
-            = vk::PipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::builder()
-                  .topology(vk::PrimitiveTopology::TRIANGLE_LIST)
-                  .primitive_restart_enable(false);
-
-    let viewport = vk::Viewport::builder()
-                       .x(0.0)
-                       .y(0.0)
-                       .width(extent.width as f32)
-                       .height(extent.height as f32)
-                       .min_depth(0.0)
-                       .max_depth(1.0);
-    let viewports = [viewport];
-
-    let scissor = vk::Rect2D::builder()
-                       .offset(vk::Offset2D { x: 0, y: 0 })
-                       .extent(*extent);
-    let scissor_list = [scissor];
-
-    let viewport_state_info = vk::PipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::builder()
-                       .viewports(&viewports)
-                       .scissors(&scissor_list);
-
-    let rasterizer_state_info
-            = vk::PipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::builder()
-                  .depth_clamp_enable(false)
-                  .rasterizer_discard_enable(false)
-                  .polygon_mode(vk::PolygonMode::FILL)
-                  .line_width(1.0)
-                  .cull_mode(vk::CullModeFlags::BACK)
-                  .front_face(vk::FrontFace::CLOCKWISE)
-                  .depth_bias_enable(false);
-
-    let multisample_state_info
-            = vk::PipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::builder()
-                  .sample_shading_enable(false)
-                  .rasterization_samples(vk::SampleCountFlags::_1);
-
-    let blend_attachment_info
-            = vk::PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::builder()
-                  .color_write_mask(vk::ColorComponentFlags::all())
-                  .blend_enable(false)
-                  .src_color_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ONE)
-                  .dst_color_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ZERO)
-                  .color_blend_op(vk::BlendOp::ADD)
-                  .src_alpha_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ONE)
-                  .dst_alpha_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ZERO)
-                  .alpha_blend_op(vk::BlendOp::ADD);
-    let blend_attachments = [blend_attachment_info];
-
-    let blend_info = vk::PipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo::builder()
-                         .logic_op_enable(false)
-                         .logic_op(vk::LogicOp::COPY)
-                         .attachments(&blend_attachments)
-                         .blend_constants([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
-
-    let pipeline_layout_info = vk::PipelineLayoutCreateInfo::builder();
-
-    let pipeline_layout = unsafe {
-      device.create_pipeline_layout(&pipeline_layout_info, None)
-    }?;
 
-    let stages = [vertex_stage_info, fragment_stage_info];
-    let pipeline_info
-            = vk::GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::builder()
-                  .stages(&stages)
-                  .vertex_input_state(&vertex_input_state_info)
-                  .input_assembly_state(&input_assembly_state_info)
-                  .viewport_state(&viewport_state_info)
-                  .rasterization_state(&rasterizer_state_info)
-                  .multisample_state(&multisample_state_info)
-                  .color_blend_state(&blend_info)
-                  .layout(pipeline_layout)
-                  .render_pass(*render_pass)
-                  .subpass(0);
-
-    let pipeline = unsafe {
-      device.create_graphics_pipelines(vk::PipelineCache::null(),
-                                       &[pipeline_info], None)
-    }?.0[0];
+#[allow(unsafe_code)]
+fn init_render_pass(device: &Device, format: &vk::Format)
+    -> Result<vk::RenderPass>
+{
+  let color_attachment
+          = vk::AttachmentDescription::builder()
+                .format(*format)
+                .samples(vk::SampleCountFlags::_1)
+                .load_op(vk::AttachmentLoadOp::CLEAR)
+                .store_op(vk::AttachmentStoreOp::STORE)
+                .stencil_load_op(vk::AttachmentLoadOp::DONT_CARE)
+                .stencil_store_op(vk::AttachmentStoreOp::DONT_CARE)
+                .initial_layout(vk::ImageLayout::UNDEFINED)
+                .final_layout(vk::ImageLayout::PRESENT_SRC_KHR);
+
+  let color_attachment_reference
+          = vk::AttachmentReference::builder()
+                .attachment(0)
+                .layout(vk::ImageLayout::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL);
+
+  let subpass_attachments = [color_attachment_reference];
+  let subpass = vk::SubpassDescription::builder()
+                    .pipeline_bind_point(vk::PipelineBindPoint::GRAPHICS)
+                    .color_attachments(&subpass_attachments);
+
+  let dependency
+        = vk::SubpassDependency::builder()
+              .src_subpass(vk::SUBPASS_EXTERNAL)
+              .src_stage_mask(
+                   vk::PipelineStageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT)
+              .src_access_mask(vk::AccessFlags::empty())
+              .dst_subpass(0)
+              .dst_stage_mask(
+                   vk::PipelineStageFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT)
+              .dst_access_mask(vk::AccessFlags::COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE);
+
+  let render_attachments = [color_attachment];
+  let subpasses = [subpass];
+  let dependencies = [dependency];
+  let render_pass_info = vk::RenderPassCreateInfo::builder()
+                             .attachments(&render_attachments)
+                             .subpasses(&subpasses)
+                             .dependencies(&dependencies);
+
+  let render_pass = unsafe {
+    device.create_render_pass(&render_pass_info, None)
+  }?;
+
+  Ok(render_pass)
+}
 
-    unsafe {
-      device.destroy_shader_module(vertex_module, None);
-      device.destroy_shader_module(fragment_module, None);
-    };
 
-    Ok((pipeline_layout, pipeline))
-  }
+#[allow(unsafe_code)]
+fn init_pipeline(device: &Device, extent: &vk::Extent2D,
+                 render_pass: &vk::RenderPass)
+    -> Result<(vk::PipelineLayout, vk::Pipeline)>
+{
+  let vertex_binary = include_bytes!(
+          concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/shader.vert.spv"));
+  let fragment_binary = include_bytes!(
+          concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/shader.frag.spv"));
+
+  let vertex_module = PermanentGraphicsState::load_spirv_shader_module(
+          device, vertex_binary)?;
+  let fragment_module = PermanentGraphicsState::load_spirv_shader_module(
+          device, fragment_binary)?;
+
+  let vertex_stage_info = vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::builder()
+                              .stage(vk::ShaderStageFlags::VERTEX)
+                              .module(vertex_module)
+                              .name(b"main\0");
+
+  let fragment_stage_info = vk::PipelineShaderStageCreateInfo::builder()
+                                .stage(vk::ShaderStageFlags::FRAGMENT)
+                                .module(fragment_module)
+                                .name(b"main\0");
 
-  #[allow(unsafe_code)]
-  fn init_framebuffers(device: &Device, extent: &vk::Extent2D,
-                       swapchain_image_views: &Vec<vk::ImageView>,
-                       render_pass: &vk::RenderPass)
-      -> Result<Vec<vk::Framebuffer>>
-  {
-    let mut framebuffers = Vec::new();
+  let vertex_input_state_info
+          = vk::PipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo::builder();
+
+  let input_assembly_state_info
+          = vk::PipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo::builder()
+                .topology(vk::PrimitiveTopology::TRIANGLE_LIST)
+                .primitive_restart_enable(false);
+
+  let viewport = vk::Viewport::builder()
+                     .x(0.0)
+                     .y(0.0)
+                     .width(extent.width as f32)
+                     .height(extent.height as f32)
+                     .min_depth(0.0)
+                     .max_depth(1.0);
+  let viewports = [viewport];
+
+  let scissor = vk::Rect2D::builder()
+                     .offset(vk::Offset2D { x: 0, y: 0 })
+                     .extent(*extent);
+  let scissor_list = [scissor];
+
+  let viewport_state_info = vk::PipelineViewportStateCreateInfo::builder()
+                     .viewports(&viewports)
+                     .scissors(&scissor_list);
+
+  let rasterizer_state_info
+          = vk::PipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo::builder()
+                .depth_clamp_enable(false)
+                .rasterizer_discard_enable(false)
+                .polygon_mode(vk::PolygonMode::FILL)
+                .line_width(1.0)
+                .cull_mode(vk::CullModeFlags::BACK)
+                .front_face(vk::FrontFace::CLOCKWISE)
+                .depth_bias_enable(false);
+
+  let multisample_state_info
+          = vk::PipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo::builder()
+                .sample_shading_enable(false)
+                .rasterization_samples(vk::SampleCountFlags::_1);
+
+  let blend_attachment_info
+          = vk::PipelineColorBlendAttachmentState::builder()
+                .color_write_mask(vk::ColorComponentFlags::all())
+                .blend_enable(false)
+                .src_color_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ONE)
+                .dst_color_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ZERO)
+                .color_blend_op(vk::BlendOp::ADD)
+                .src_alpha_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ONE)
+                .dst_alpha_blend_factor(vk::BlendFactor::ZERO)
+                .alpha_blend_op(vk::BlendOp::ADD);
+  let blend_attachments = [blend_attachment_info];
+
+  let blend_info = vk::PipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo::builder()
+                       .logic_op_enable(false)
+                       .logic_op(vk::LogicOp::COPY)
+                       .attachments(&blend_attachments)
+                       .blend_constants([0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0]);
+
+  let pipeline_layout_info = vk::PipelineLayoutCreateInfo::builder();
+
+  let pipeline_layout = unsafe {
+    device.create_pipeline_layout(&pipeline_layout_info, None)
+  }?;
+
+  let stages = [vertex_stage_info, fragment_stage_info];
+  let pipeline_info
+          = vk::GraphicsPipelineCreateInfo::builder()
+                .stages(&stages)
+                .vertex_input_state(&vertex_input_state_info)
+                .input_assembly_state(&input_assembly_state_info)
+                .viewport_state(&viewport_state_info)
+                .rasterization_state(&rasterizer_state_info)
+                .multisample_state(&multisample_state_info)
+                .color_blend_state(&blend_info)
+                .layout(pipeline_layout)
+                .render_pass(*render_pass)
+                .subpass(0);
+
+  let pipeline = unsafe {
+    device.create_graphics_pipelines(vk::PipelineCache::null(),
+                                     &[pipeline_info], None)
+  }?.0[0];
+
+  unsafe {
+    device.destroy_shader_module(vertex_module, None);
+    device.destroy_shader_module(fragment_module, None);
+  };
+
+  Ok((pipeline_layout, pipeline))
+}
 
-    for image_view in swapchain_image_views {
-      let attachments = [*image_view];
 
-      let framebuffer_info = vk::FramebufferCreateInfo::builder()
-                                 .render_pass(*render_pass)
-                                 .attachments(&attachments)
-                                 .width(extent.width)
-                                 .height(extent.height)
-                                 .layers(1);
+#[allow(unsafe_code)]
+fn init_framebuffers(device: &Device, extent: &vk::Extent2D,
+                     swapchain_image_views: &Vec<vk::ImageView>,
+                     render_pass: &vk::RenderPass)
+    -> Result<Vec<vk::Framebuffer>>
+{
+  let mut framebuffers = Vec::new();
 
-      let framebuffer = unsafe {
-        device.create_framebuffer(&framebuffer_info, None)
-      }?;
+  for image_view in swapchain_image_views {
+    let attachments = [*image_view];
 
-      framebuffers.push(framebuffer);
-    }
+    let framebuffer_info = vk::FramebufferCreateInfo::builder()
+                               .render_pass(*render_pass)
+                               .attachments(&attachments)
+                               .width(extent.width)
+                               .height(extent.height)
+                               .layers(1);
 
-    Ok(framebuffers)
+    let framebuffer = unsafe {
+      device.create_framebuffer(&framebuffer_info, None)
+    }?;
+
+    framebuffers.push(framebuffer);
   }
 
-  #[allow(unsafe_code)]
-  fn init_commands(device: &Device,
-                   extent: &vk::Extent2D,
-                   framebuffers: &Vec<vk::Framebuffer>,
-                   render_pass: &vk::RenderPass,
-                   pipeline: &vk::Pipeline,
-                   indices: &QueueFamilyIndices)
-      -> Result<(vk::CommandPool, Vec<vk::CommandBuffer>)>
-  {
-    // We call this one last time. It's kind of a problem.
+  Ok(framebuffers)
+}
 
-    let command_pool_info = vk::CommandPoolCreateInfo::builder()
-                                .flags(vk::CommandPoolCreateFlags::empty())
-                                .queue_family_index(indices.graphics);
 
-    let command_pool = unsafe {
-      device.create_command_pool(&command_pool_info, None)
-    }?;
+#[allow(unsafe_code)]
+fn init_commands(device: &Device,
+                 extent: &vk::Extent2D,
+                 framebuffers: &Vec<vk::Framebuffer>,
+                 render_pass: &vk::RenderPass,
+                 pipeline: &vk::Pipeline,
+                 indices: &QueueFamilyIndices)
+    -> Result<(vk::CommandPool, Vec<vk::CommandBuffer>)>
+{
+  // We call this one last time. It's kind of a problem.
+
+  let command_pool_info = vk::CommandPoolCreateInfo::builder()
+                              .flags(vk::CommandPoolCreateFlags::empty())
+                              .queue_family_index(indices.graphics);
+
+  let command_pool = unsafe {
+    device.create_command_pool(&command_pool_info, None)
+  }?;
+
+  let command_buffer_allocation_info
+          = vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo::builder()
+                .command_pool(command_pool)
+                .level(vk::CommandBufferLevel::PRIMARY)
+                .command_buffer_count(framebuffers.len() as u32);
+  let command_buffers = unsafe {
+    device.allocate_command_buffers(&command_buffer_allocation_info)
+  }?;
+
+  for (index, framebuffer) in framebuffers.iter().enumerate() {
+    let command_buffer = command_buffers[index];
+
+    let inheritance_info = vk::CommandBufferInheritanceInfo::builder();
+
+    let command_buffer_begin_info
+            = vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo::builder()
+                  .flags(vk::CommandBufferUsageFlags::empty())
+                  .inheritance_info(&inheritance_info);
 
-    let command_buffer_allocation_info
-            = vk::CommandBufferAllocateInfo::builder()
-                  .command_pool(command_pool)
-                  .level(vk::CommandBufferLevel::PRIMARY)
-                  .command_buffer_count(framebuffers.len() as u32);
-    let command_buffers = unsafe {
-      device.allocate_command_buffers(&command_buffer_allocation_info)
+    unsafe {
+      device.begin_command_buffer(command_buffer,
+                                  &command_buffer_begin_info)
     }?;
 
-    for (index, framebuffer) in framebuffers.iter().enumerate() {
-      let command_buffer = command_buffers[index];
+    let render_area = vk::Rect2D::builder()
+                          .offset(vk::Offset2D::default())
+                          .extent(*extent);
 
-      let inheritance_info = vk::CommandBufferInheritanceInfo::builder();
-
-      let command_buffer_begin_info
-              = vk::CommandBufferBeginInfo::builder()
-                    .flags(vk::CommandBufferUsageFlags::empty())
-                    .inheritance_info(&inheritance_info);
+    let clear_value = vk::ClearValue {
+      color: vk::ClearColorValue {
+        float32: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
+      }
+    };
+    let clear_values = [clear_value];
 
-      unsafe {
-        device.begin_command_buffer(command_buffer,
-                                    &command_buffer_begin_info)
-      }?;
+    let begin_pass_info = vk::RenderPassBeginInfo::builder()
+                              .render_pass(*render_pass)
+                              .framebuffer(*framebuffer)
+                              .render_area(render_area)
+                              .clear_values(&clear_values);
 
-      let render_area = vk::Rect2D::builder()
-                            .offset(vk::Offset2D::default())
-                            .extent(*extent);
+    unsafe {
+      device.cmd_begin_render_pass(command_buffer, &begin_pass_info,
+                                   vk::SubpassContents::INLINE)
+    };
 
-      let clear_value = vk::ClearValue {
-        color: vk::ClearColorValue {
-          float32: [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0]
-        }
-      };
-      let clear_values = [clear_value];
+    unsafe {
+      device.cmd_bind_pipeline(command_buffer,
+                               vk::PipelineBindPoint::GRAPHICS,
+                               *pipeline)
+    };
 
-      let begin_pass_info = vk::RenderPassBeginInfo::builder()
-                                .render_pass(*render_pass)
-                                .framebuffer(*framebuffer)
-                                .render_area(render_area)
-                                .clear_values(&clear_values);
+    unsafe { device.cmd_draw(command_buffer, 3, 1, 0, 0) };
 
-      unsafe {
-        device.cmd_begin_render_pass(command_buffer, &begin_pass_info,
-                                     vk::SubpassContents::INLINE)
-      };
+    unsafe { device.cmd_end_render_pass(command_buffer) };
 
-      unsafe {
-        device.cmd_bind_pipeline(command_buffer,
-                                 vk::PipelineBindPoint::GRAPHICS,
-                                 *pipeline)
-      };
+    unsafe { device.end_command_buffer(command_buffer) }?;
+  }
 
-      unsafe { device.cmd_draw(command_buffer, 3, 1, 0, 0) };
+  Ok((command_pool, command_buffers))
+}
 
-      unsafe { device.cmd_end_render_pass(command_buffer) };
 
-      unsafe { device.end_command_buffer(command_buffer) }?;
-    }
+#[allow(unsafe_code)]
+fn init_concurrency(device: &Device,
+                    swapchain_images: &Vec<vk::Image>)
+    -> Result<Concurrency>
+{
+  let semaphore_info = vk::SemaphoreCreateInfo::builder();
+  let fence_info = vk::FenceCreateInfo::builder()
+                       .flags(vk::FenceCreateFlags::SIGNALED);
+
+  let mut image_available_semaphores = Vec::new();
+  let mut rendering_finished_semaphores = Vec::new();
+  let mut frame_fences = Vec::new();
+  for _ in 0 .. N_SIMULTANEOUS_FRAMES {
+    image_available_semaphores.push(unsafe {
+      device.create_semaphore(&semaphore_info, None)
+    }?);
+
+    rendering_finished_semaphores.push(unsafe {
+      device.create_semaphore(&semaphore_info, None)
+    }?);
+
+    frame_fences.push(unsafe {
+      device.create_fence(&fence_info, None)
+    }?);
+  }
 
-    Ok((command_pool, command_buffers))
+  let mut image_fences = Vec::new();
+  for _ in 0 .. swapchain_images.len() {
+    image_fences.push(vk::Fence::null());
   }
 
-  #[allow(unsafe_code)]
-  fn init_concurrency(device: &Device,
-                      swapchain_images: &Vec<vk::Image>)
-      -> Result<Concurrency>
-  {
-    let semaphore_info = vk::SemaphoreCreateInfo::builder();
-    let fence_info = vk::FenceCreateInfo::builder()
-                         .flags(vk::FenceCreateFlags::SIGNALED);
-
-    let mut image_available_semaphores = Vec::new();
-    let mut rendering_finished_semaphores = Vec::new();
-    let mut frame_fences = Vec::new();
-    for _ in 0 .. N_SIMULTANEOUS_FRAMES {
-      image_available_semaphores.push(unsafe {
-        device.create_semaphore(&semaphore_info, None)
-      }?);
-
-      rendering_finished_semaphores.push(unsafe {
-        device.create_semaphore(&semaphore_info, None)
-      }?);
-
-      frame_fences.push(unsafe {
-        device.create_fence(&fence_info, None)
-      }?);
-    }
+  Ok(Concurrency {
+    image_available_semaphores,
+    rendering_finished_semaphores,
+    frame_fences,
+    image_fences: image_fences,
+  })
+}
 
-    let mut image_fences = Vec::new();
-    for _ in 0 .. swapchain_images.len() {
-      image_fences.push(vk::Fence::null());
-    }
 
-    Ok(Concurrency {
-      image_available_semaphores,
-      rendering_finished_semaphores,
-      frame_fences,
-      image_fences: image_fences,
-    })
+fn pick_surface_format(available_formats: &Vec<vk::SurfaceFormatKHR>)
+    -> Result<vk::SurfaceFormatKHR>
+{
+  for format in available_formats {
+    if format.format == vk::Format::B8G8R8A8_SRGB
+       && format.color_space == vk::ColorSpaceKHR::SRGB_NONLINEAR
+    {
+      return Ok(format.clone());
+    }
   }
 
-  fn pick_surface_format(available_formats: &Vec<vk::SurfaceFormatKHR>)
-      -> Result<vk::SurfaceFormatKHR>
-  {
-    for format in available_formats {
-      if format.format == vk::Format::B8G8R8A8_SRGB
-         && format.color_space == vk::ColorSpaceKHR::SRGB_NONLINEAR
-      {
-        return Ok(format.clone());
-      }
-    }
+  return Ok(available_formats[0].clone());
+}
 
-    return Ok(available_formats[0].clone());
-  }
 
-  fn pick_presentation_mode(_available_modes: &Vec<vk::PresentModeKHR>)
-      -> Result<vk::PresentModeKHR>
-  {
-    // It's guaranteed to have this one.
-    return Ok(vk::PresentModeKHR::FIFO);
-  }
+fn pick_presentation_mode(_available_modes: &Vec<vk::PresentModeKHR>)
+    -> Result<vk::PresentModeKHR>
+{
+  // It's guaranteed to have this one.
+  return Ok(vk::PresentModeKHR::FIFO);
+}
 
-  fn pick_image_extent(window: &Window,
-                       capabilities: vk::SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR)
-      -> Result<vk::Extent2D>
+
+fn pick_image_extent(window: &Window,
+                     capabilities: vk::SurfaceCapabilitiesKHR)
+    -> Result<vk::Extent2D>
+{
+  if capabilities.current_extent.width != u32::MAX
+     && capabilities.current_extent.height != u32::MAX
   {
-    if capabilities.current_extent.width != u32::MAX
-       && capabilities.current_extent.height != u32::MAX
-    {
-      Ok(capabilities.current_extent)
-    } else {
-      let window_size = window.inner_size();
-
-      let width = window_size.width
-                             .clamp(capabilities.min_image_extent.width,
-                                    capabilities.max_image_extent.width);
-      let height = window_size.height
-                              .clamp(capabilities.min_image_extent.height,
-                                     capabilities.max_image_extent.height);
-
-      Ok(vk::Extent2D::builder().width(width).height(height).build())
-    }
+    Ok(capabilities.current_extent)
+  } else {
+    let window_size = window.inner_size();
+
+    let width = window_size.width
+                           .clamp(capabilities.min_image_extent.width,
+                                  capabilities.max_image_extent.width);
+    let height = window_size.height
+                            .clamp(capabilities.min_image_extent.height,
+                                   capabilities.max_image_extent.height);
+
+    Ok(vk::Extent2D::builder().width(width).height(height).build())
   }
 }
+